What is the role of succinate in cellular respiration?

Succinate plays a pivotal role in oxidative metabolism. Succinate is a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate that interacts directly with the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), enabling a ‘shortcut’ route to ATP production via oxidative metabolism.

Does succinate increase cellular respiration?

It is also known to increase proximal tubule transport of phosphate and glucose but not fluid by unknown mechanisms. In the present study, succinate increased proximal tubule respiration in a dose-dependent manner, and a kinetic evaluation indicated that two separate processes were activated.

How does succinate affect oxidative phosphorylation?

Similarly, treatment of C2C12 cells with succinate revealed that succinate significantly enhanced oxidative phosphorylation with increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, CK, and the activities of mitochondrial complex I and complex II, but with decreased lactate content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.

Where is succinate produced in the body?

Succinate is an important metabolite in both host and microbial metabolic processes. While the mitochondria are a physiological source of succinate in ‘sterile’ tissues, the distal gastrointestinal tract is densely populated with microbes that produce succinate as a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation [9,10,11,12,13].

Does succinate increase the oxygen consumption?

Conclusions: Succinate increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption in ex vivo skeletal muscle taken from septic animals, bypassing the predominant inhibition occurring at complex I. This warrants further exploration in vivo as a putative therapeutic modality.

What is succinate in etc?

SDH complex, also designated as succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase or mitochondrial complex II, is the bridge enzyme between the TCA cycle and the ETC. SDH catalyzes the sixth step of TCA cycle, that is the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol.

Is succinate an inhibitor?

Defects in theSDH genes result in succinate accumulation, which is a competitive inhibitor of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (e.g., HIF prolyl hydroxylases and histone or DNA demethylases), which leads to the stabilization of HIF isoforms and the activation of hypoxic signaling and to epigenetic …

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in mitochondria?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner-membrane of mitochondria (called the electron transport chain and ATP synthase) to create ATP.

How is succinate produced?

To produce succinate, CO2 fixation is required, one molecule of CO2 is incorporated to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate (OAA) catalyzed normally by PEP carboxylase (PPC).

Is succinate an enzyme?

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also known as complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme involved in both oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle; the processes that generate energy.

How does succinate dehydrogenase work within the mitochondria?

The several functions of the succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria. The succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the oxidation of succinate into fumarate in the Krebs cycle (1), derived electrons being fed to the respiratory chain complex III to reduce oxygen and form water (2).

Why is succinate dehydrogenase embedded in the mitochondrial membrane?

The SdhE protein is found on the mitochondrial membrane is it is important for creating energy via a process named the electron transport chain.