What are the four functions of hepatocytes?
What are the four functions of hepatocytes?
Hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins.
How is a hepatocyte adapted to its function?
The hepatocytes have many microvilli which project into this space, to increase absorption from the plasma. The space of Disse also contains lipocytes, that store fat, and vitamin A. They can also become contractile, and they make the type III collagen fibres (reticular fibres) also found in the space of Disse.
What is the application of hepatocyte culture?
Primary cultures of hepatocytes are a useful tool to study cellular processes, such as changes in gene expression and endogenous and xenobiotic responses. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) mirror more closely the capacities of a normal human liver in vivo than do liver-derived cell lines.
What are the enzymes hepatocytes?
Within the main organisational unit, the hepatocyte, is an assembly of enzymes commonly classified as phase I and phase II enzymes. The phase I enzymes principally cytochrome P450 catalyse both oxidative and reductive reactions of a bewildering number of xenobiotics.
What is the liver’s function?
All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.
What makes hepatocytes unique?
In the canalicular domain, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and other bile acid efflux transporters predominate. Hepatocytes are unique in that they may have several basolateral and apical domains in close proximity (Fig. 1 C).
What do hepatocytes synthesize?
Protein synthesis The hepatocyte is a cell in the body that manufactures serum albumin, fibrinogen, and the prothrombin group of clotting factors (except for Factors 3 and 4). It is the main site for the synthesis of lipoproteins, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, complement, and glycoproteins.
Which of the following enzyme is used for hepatocyte isolation in cell culture laboratory?
Recent studies have used the enzyme liberase to isolate hepatocytes from normal resected liver tissue and have reported higher cell viabilities and cell yields [1].
How do hepatocytes detoxify?
Toxins enter hepatocytes via a dual blood supply provided by the hepatic artery and portal vein, where they encounter a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions that collectively facilitate removal of these chemicals from the body.
What is the function of hepatocytes in integration of metabolism?
Hepatocytes are responsible for carbohydrate metabolism, namely glycogen synthesis and glycolysis during the fed state and glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during the fasted state.