What can I use instead of a transistor?

Graphene. Probably the most important alternative to the transistor nowadays is graphene: a monoatomic sheet of carbon atoms with a very regular lattice is been studied with the goal to replace silicon.

What replaced transistor based computers in the 1960s?

Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, transistors became smaller and smaller. Many of the large mainframe computers that had been required to meet the computer needs of a large company were replaced by minicomputers (“mini-” having become a pop culture prefix of the 1960s—e.g., “miniskirt”).

Which generation of computer is used to transistor?

second generation of computers
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes; the second generation of computers used transistors; the third generation of computers used integrated circuits; and the fourth generation of computers used microprocessors.

Can I use any transistor?

Fortunately it is normally possible to use a replacement transistor type as there is often a considerable degree of overlap between the specifications of different types of transistor, and by looking at the basic specifications it is normally possible to choose the correct transistor replacements.

What is Wrights law?

Pioneered by Theodore Wright in 1936, Wright’s Law aims to provide a reliable framework for forecasting cost declines as a function of cumulative production. Specifically, it states that for every cumulative doubling of units produced, costs will fall by a constant percentage.

What was new in computer science in the 1970’s?

The birth of modern computing was in the 1970s. The world’s first general microprocessor, the Intel 4004, came out in November 1971. The C programming language was developed early in the decade and the Unix operating system was rewritten into it in 1973.

What were computers like in the 1970s?

At the beginning of the 1970s there were essentially two types of computers. There were room-sized mainframes, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars, that were built one at a time by companies such as IBM and CDC.

Which computers use transistors?

A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable.

Who invented transistor computer?

Working under Tom Kilburn at England’s Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrated a prototype transistorized computer on November 16, 1953. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes.