What are lipid-laden histiocytes?

Abstract. In addition to granulomas, infiltrates of pigmented, lipid-laden histiocytes are a consistent morphologic finding in visceral organs of the reticuloendothelial system in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

What does lipid-laden mean?

The hypothesis is that the quantity of lipids in alveolar macrophages, measured as lipid-laden index (LLI), would correlate with lung inflammation in paediatric patients.

What is hemosiderin-laden macrophages?

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are an independent factor correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case control study.

What is carbon laden macrophages?

Carbon-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage have been noted to be associated with a history of crack smoking. We report herein the finding of carbon-laden macrophages in four cytological preparations of pleural fluid from two crack smokers.

What causes lipid-laden macrophages?

Increased levels of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages are associated with various respiratory conditions, including chronic smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, lipoid pneumonia, fat embolism, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary aspiration.

What causes lipid laden macrophages?

What are heart failure cells?

Brown granules of hemosiderin from break down of RBC’s appear in the macrophage cytoplasm. These macrophages are sometimes called “heart failure cells” because of their association with pulmonary congestion with congestive heart failure.

What is lipoid pneumonia?

Lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon disease caused by the presence of lipid in the alveoli. It is classified into two major groups, depending on whether the lipid/oil in the respiratory tract is from an exogenous (exogenous lipoid pneumonia) or endogenous/idiopathic (endogenous lipoid pneumonia) source.

Why do macrophages turn into foam cells?

When inflow and esterification of cholesterol increase and/or its outflow decrease, the macrophages are ultimately transformed into lipid-laden foam cells, the prototypical cells in the atherosclerotic plaque.

What could cause Hyperlipoproteinemia?

Causes of hyperlipoproteinemia Primary hyperlipoproteinemia is often genetic. It’s a result of a defect or mutation in lipoproteins. These changes result in problems with accumulation of lipids in your body.

When do heart failure cells appear?

Heart failure cells are siderophages generated in the alveoli of the lungs of people with left heart failure or chronic pulmonary edema, when the high pulmonary blood pressure causes red blood cells to pass through the vascular wall.

What causes lipid pneumonia?

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. This type is caused by breathing in fatty or oil substances like vegetable oil or mineral oil. The oil particles gather in the lungs and cause pneumonia. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia can be acute, or sudden and severe, or long-term with ongoing exposure to oil substances.

How do you fix lipoid pneumonia?

Resting and taking medication at home will be sufficient to treat some cases of lipoid pneumonia, but severe cases may require hospital treatment. Doctors treat most cases of lipoid pneumonia with corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation in the lungs.

What causes foam cells?

Atherosclerosis/Atheroma LDL activates foam cells and causes injury to these cells within the intimal lesion. It appears that LDL cholesterol is chemotactic for other monocytes.

How Hyperlipoproteinemia is diagnosed?

A doctor can diagnose hyperlipoproteinemia with a blood test. Sometimes, family history is useful. If you have lipid deposits on your body, your doctor will also examine those. Other diagnostic tests might measure thyroid function, glucose, protein in the urine, liver function, and uric acid.

What is the difference between hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia?

Hyperlipidemia is also called hyperlipoproteinemia and can be primary or secondary in origin. Various primary hyperlipidemias include: Familial hypercholesterolemia: This disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant disorder.

Where are lipid-laden macrophages found in the human body?

These typical lipid-laden macrophages are found in subjects with GD throughout the body. For instance, these macrophages with tubular glucosylceramide deposits in their lysosomes accumulate in the bone marrow, spleen (especially red pulp macrophages involved in red blood cell clearance), liver, and lung.

How can I determine the lipid content of macrophages?

The lipid content of the macrophages can be demonstrated using a lipid targeting stain like Oil Red O or Nile red.

What is the lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) of vaping-associated pulmonary injury?

Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages have been reported in cases of vaping-associated pulmonary injury. The lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) can be calculated by counting 100 macrophages in a BAL specimen treated with a lipid stain and scoring each macrophage from 0 to 4 based on the amount of lipids present in the cell.