Do you give sodium chloride for SIADH?

In addition to fluid restriction, the therapy of SIADH-associated hyponatremia often requires the administration of sodium chloride, either as oral salt tablets or intravenous saline. Oral salt tablets can be used in patients with mild-moderate hyponatremia.

Is SIADH hyponatremia or hypernatremia?

SIADH consists of hyponatremia, inappropriately elevated urine osmolality (>100 mOsm/kg), and decreased serum osmolality in a euvolemic patient.

What is the solution for SIADH?

First-line treatment for patients with SIADH and moderate or profound hyponatremia should be fluid restriction; second-line treatments include increasing solute intake with 0.25–0.50 g/kg per day of urea or combined treatment with low-dose loop diuretics and oral sodium chloride.

What fluids do you give for SIADH?

In such cases water should be given orally or intravenously (by infusion, e.g. of 5% dextrose in water (D5W)) at hour 6 of treatment to slow the rate of correction. There is the possibility of a too rapid correction rate in cases of severe hyponatremia (<<120 mmol/liter) and in those with a high eGFR at baseline.

Does SIADH have hyperkalemia?

In 11 of the patients there was no significant change in serum potassium concentration after correction of the syndrome, by fluid restriction. Hypokalaemia is thus an uncommon finding in SIADH due to bronchogenic carcinomas.

What is the most common cause of SIADH?

The most common causes of SIADH are malignancy, pulmonary disorders, CNS disorders and medication; these are summarised in Table 3. SIADH was originally described by Bartter & Schwartz in two patients with lung carcinoma, who had severe hyponatraemia at presentation (29).

Is urine output high or low in SIADH?

In SIADH, the body is unable to suppress the secretion of ADH, leading to impaired water excretion and reduced urine output. Normally, when water is ingested, serum tonicity and osmolality decrease and ADH is suppressed, resulting in output of a dilute (less concentrated) urine.

Do you restrict fluids with SIADH?

Fluid restriction is first-line therapy in all cases of SIADH. Where hyponatraemia has persisted for longer than 48 hours and is asymptomatic, initial fluid restriction could start at 800–1200 mL per 24 hours, and be subsequently titrated to 500 mL below the daily urine output volume.

What is urine sodium in SIADH?

With SIADH (and salt-wasting syndrome), the urine sodium is greater than 20-40 mEq/L. With hypovolemia, the urine sodium typically measures less than 25 mEq/L. However, if sodium intake in a patient with SIADH (or salt-wasting) happens to be low, then urine sodium may fall below 25 mEq/L.

What is a critical sodium level?

In many hospital laboratories 160 mEq/L is chosen as the upper critical value. The evidence of this study suggests that sodium in the range of 155-160 mEq/L is associated with high risk of death and that 155 mEq/L rather than 160 mEq/L might be more suitable as the upper critical level.